Deer Resistant Plants
As gardeners we would envision our garden as the prettiest on the street, but nature sometimes intervenes with bugs and deer. Deer have been a major nuisance this year to gardeners and these creatures can destroy a plant or plants overnight. Unfortunately, there is not a plant that is 100 percent deer proof, because if the deer are hungry enough they will eat just about any plant. Deer do not like foliage that is rough in texture, pubescent foliage, lemony or scented foliage. The plants listed below has one or all of the foliage characteristics, and to combat the deer, I would like to suggest using the plants listed below in beds and borders, but also use a deer repellent on your property line. Some of the plants listed have a * image, that means some deer sometimes have a little nibble. Plants listed with a spp. ending represents all varieties in that genus.
Anemones, Windflowers - Anemone spp. Type: Perennial corms. Zones: 4–9. Height: 4–36 inches depending on variety. Spacing: 6–12 inches apart depending on variety. Light: Full to partial shade. Uses: Cut flowers, containers, beds and borders, fragrant flowers.
Anise Hyssop - Agastache spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 5-9. Height: 12-36 inches. Spacing: 12-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Beds and borders, fragrant flowers,
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| Agastache foeniculum - Anise Hyssop |
Aster – Aster spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-9. Height: 2-5 feet. Spacing: 15 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Beds and borders, mass plantings, cut flowers, attract butterflies.
Avens, Grecian Rose - Geum spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 5-7. Height: 10-24 inches. Spacing: 10-12 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Beds and borders, fresh cut flowers.
Azalea - Rhododendron spp. Type: Shrub. Zones: 4-9. Height: Varies from 2-20 feet
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| Azalea - Rhododendron sp. |
Balloon Flower - Platycodon grandiflorus. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-9. Height: 6-36
inches depending on
cultivar. Spacing: 8-12 inches apart. Light: Full sun to
partial shade. Uses: Border, rock garden, cut flower, containers.
Basil – Ocimum basilicum. Type: Annual. Zones: 2-11. Height: 1-2 feet. Spacing: 12-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Leaves are used in cooking,
pesto sauces, Italian dishes, butterfly nectar plant, mosquito
repellant plant.
Bear’s Breeches - Acanthus spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 6-11. Height: 3-4 feet. Spacing: 2-4 feet apart. Light: Partial shade to shade. Uses: Specimen plant, cut flowers, dramatic foliage.
Beardtongue – Penstemon spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-10. Height: 12-36 inches. Spacing: 18-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Mixed perennial garden, attracts butterflies and hummingbirds.
Bee Balm – Monarda didyma. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-9. Height: 2-4 feet, but can reach to 6 feet. Spacing: 18-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Attract butterflies and hummingbirds.
Bee Balms - Monardia spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-9. Height: 1-4 feet, but can reach to 6 feet. Spacing: 18-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Attract butterflies and hummingbirds, containers, beds and borders, cut flowers.
Big-leaf Periwinkle - Vinca major. Type: Ground cover. Zones: 5-9. Height: 12-18 inches. Spacing: 18 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Excellent ground cover for retaining walls or hillsides.
Black-eyed Susan – Rudbeckia spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-10. Height: 18-30
inches. Spacing: 12-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses:
Beds and borders, containers, attract birds and butterflies.
Blanket Flower - Gaillardia spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 5-10. Height: 18-24 inches. Spacing: 18 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Borders, containers, cut flowers, attracts butterflies.
Bleeding Heart – Dicentra spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-9. Height: 24-36 inches. Spacing: 18-24 inches apart. Light: Partial shade to shade. Uses: Borders, containers, cut flowers.
Blue Mist Shrub, Bluebeard - Caryopteris spp. Type: Deciduous shrub. Zones: 5-9. Height: 24-36 inches. Spacing: 18-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Attracts butterflies, borders, fragrant flowers.
Butterfly Bush - Buddleia davidii. Type: Deciduous shrub. Zones: 5-10. Height: From 3-6 feet depending on variety. Spacing: 3-5 feet apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Attracts
butterflies and hummingbirds, fragrant flowers, specimen shrub.
Butterfly Weed, Milkweed - Asclepias spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 5-11. Height: 24-36 inches. Spacing: 12-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Nectar and food plant for the Monarch butterfly, cut flowers, borders, wildflower gardens, containers.
Canna Lily – Canna X generalis. Type: Perennial. Zones: 7-11. Height: 4-6 feet.
Spacing: 3-5 feet apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Plant in
masses with bananas and gingers for a touch of the tropics, containers, cut
flower, and wetlands or boggy areas.
Catmint – Nepeta X faassenii. Type: Perennial. Zones: 5-10. Height: 2-3 feet.
Spacing: 12-18 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Butterfly nectar
plant, front borders, your cat will love it.
Catmints/Catnips - Nepeta spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 5-10. Height: 12-36 inches. Spacing: 12-18
inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Butterfly nectar
plant, front borders, your cat will love it.
Clematis – Clematis spp. Type: Perennial vine. Zones: 4-9. Height: 6-10 feet. Spacing: 3-5 feet apart. Light: Full sun and keep the roots in the shade. Uses: Trellises, arbors, mailboxes.
Columbine – Aquilegia spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-9. Height: 12-36 inches. Spacing: 12-18 inches apart.
Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses:
Woodland gardens, cut flowers, beds and borders, containers, butterfly and
hummingbird attractants.
Common Periwinkle, Dwarf Periwinkle - Vinca minor. Type: Evergreen ground cover. Zones: 4-9. Height: 4-6 inches. Spacing: 8-12 inches apart. Light: Full sun to
shade. Uses: Ground cover for erosion control, hillsides,
retaining walls, slopes.
Coneflower – Echinacea spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 2-10. Height: 24-36 inches. Spacing: 15-20 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Borders,
containers, cut flowers, attracts birds, butterflies and hummingbirds.
Coppertip, Falling Stars - Crocosmia spp. Type: Perennial bulb. Zones: 6-10. Height: 2-3 feet. Spacing: 12-18 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Cut flowers, borders, attracts hummingbirds.
Coralbells – Heuchera spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-9. Height: up to 36 inches. Spacing: 12-18 inches apart. Light: Full sun to shade. Uses: Attracts butterflies and hummingbirds, containers, borders, drought and heat tolerant.
Daffodils – Narcissus spp. Type: Perennial bulb. Zones: 4-9. Height: 4-24 inches.
Spacing: 4-6 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses:
borders, naturalizing, forcing, cut flowers.
Dahlias – Dahlia spp. Type: Perennial
tubers. Zones: 7-10.
Height: up to 6 feet. Spacing: 24 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Cut
flowers, containers, mass plantings.
Daylily – Hemerocallis spp. Type: Deciduous perennial.
Zones: 2-10.
Height: To 36 inches. Spacing: 15-18 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses:
Borders, erosion control, slopes, mass palntings.
Dianthus, Pinks – Dianthus spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-10. Height: 14-18
inches. Spacing: 10-12 inches apart. Light: Full sun.
Uses: Attracts butterflies,
cut flowers, borders, edgers, fragrant flowers.
Dill - Anethum graveolens. Type: Annual. Zones: All. Height: 18 – 36 inches. Space: 12 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Yellow blossoms in summer, seed heads can be harvested. The seeds can be crushed and used in cooking. The leaves can be used fresh in potato, tuna, and chicken salads; fresh chicken and fish dishes. Uses: Attracts butterflies and a larval food plant for butterflies. (Plant enough for you and the butterflies!).
Eucalyptus - Eucalyptus spp. Cadaga Tree - Eucalyptus torelliana. Type: Tree. Zones: 9-11. Height: To 80 feet. Spacing: 20-30 feet apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Attracts wildlife to the garden. Mindanao Gum Tree - Eucalyptus deglupta. Type: Tree. Zones: 9-11, has been reported to withstand temperatures in the low 20’s. Height: To 225 feet. Spacing: 30 feet apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Attracts wildlife to the garden. Red-Flowering Gum Tree - Eucalyptus ficifolia.
Type: Tree.
Zones: 8-10. Height: 25-30 feet. Spacing: 20-25 feet apart. Light: Full sun. Uses:
After establishment in the landscape the tree is very drought tolerant, the
leaves are fragrant, attracts wildlife to the garden, very showy red flowers in
spring and summer. Silver Dollar Tree - Eucalyptus cinerea. Type: Tree. Zones: 8-11. Height: To 20
feet. Spacing: 25 feet apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Attracts wildlife to the garden,
the foliage is used in fresh cut flower arrangements as greens, and dried
floral arrangements.
Evening Primrose – Oenothera spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-9. Height: To 4 feet, depending on species. Spacing: 12-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Ground cover, flowers open in the evening.
False Indigo, Wild Indigo, Baptisia - Baptisia spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-9. Height: To 5 feet, depending on species. Spacing: 12-36 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Borders, cut flower, dried flower, drought tolerant, attracts butterflies.
False Spirea – Astilbe spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-9. Height: 18-24 inches. Spacing: 12-18 inches apart. Light: Partial shade to shade. Uses: Edger, foreground plant, cut flower, dried flower, attracts butterflies and hummingbirds.
Floss Flower, Ageratum* - Ageratum houstonianum. Type: Annual. Zones: All except very cold areas. Height: 6-12 inches. Spacing: 6-8 inches apart. Light: Full sun to
partial shade. Uses: Butterfly nectar plant.
Flowering Onions - Allium spp. Type: Perennial bulb. Zones: 3-9. Height: 1-4 feet, depending on variety. Spacing: 2-5 inches apart, depending on variety.
Light: Full sun. Uses: Accent, mixed border, drought tolerant, nectar
plant for butterflies.
Fountain Grasses – Pennisetum spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 6-11. Height: 1-5 feet, depending on variety. Spacing: 2-4 feet apart. Light: Full sun to partial
shade. Uses: Borders, edgers, specimen, containers.
Foxglove – Digitalis spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-8. Height: 36-48 inches. Spacing: 12-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Flowering perennial in back of the landscape bed.
Fritillaria – Fritillaria spp. Type: Bulb. Zones: 3-9. Height: 8-40 inches, depending on variety. Spacing: 10-12 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Mid spring bloomer for perennial gardens.
Geranium or Scented Geranium – Pelargonium spp. Type: Annual, perennial in zone 9 and 10. Zones: All. Height: 24-36 inches. Spacing: 12-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Teas, sachets, jellies, potpourris, vinegars, and desserts.
Heartleaf Brunnera – Brunnera macrophylla. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-8. Height: 12-18 inches. Spacing: 12-18 inches apart. Light: Partial shade to shade. Uses: Beds, borders, ground cover, containers.
Holly Fern, Shield Fern, Sword Fern – Polystichum spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-10. Height: 12-36 inches, depending on variety. Spacing: 9-12 inches apart. Light: Partial shade to shade. Uses: Borders, erosion control, slopes.
Iris* - Iris spp. Type: Perennial bulb or rhizome, depending on variety. Zones: 3-9. Height: 18-48 inches, depending on variety. Spacing: 8-10 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Perennial beds and borders, cut flowers.
Joe Pye Weed – Eupatorium spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-10. Height: 4-6 feet. Spacing: 2-4 feet apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Containers, privacy, beds and borders, butterfly attractant, drought tolerant.
Lamb’s Ear - Stachys byzantine. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-9. Height: 12-18 inches. Spacing: 10-18 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Borders, edger, containers, drought
tolerant, rock garden.
Lantana – Lantana camara, L. montevidensis. Lantana - Lantana camara 'Miss Huff'. Type: Perennial. Zones: 7-11. Height: 4 – 5’. Spacing: 3 – 5’ apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Butterfly attractant, heat and drought tolerant. Trailing Lantana - Lantana montevidensis. Type: Perennial. Zones: 8-10. Height: 18 – 24”. Spacing: 3 – 4’ apart, can spread to 5’. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Butterfly attractant, heat and drought tolerant.
Larkspur – Consolida spp. (A), Delphinium spp. (P). Type: Annual or perennial. Zones: All. Height: 12-36 inches. Spacing: 10-12 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Wild flower gardens, bed and borders, fresh cut flowers, dried flowers.
Lavender – Lavandula spp. Lavandula angustifolia. Type: Perennial. Zones: 5-10. Height: 18-24”. Spacing: 12-18” apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Nectar plant for butterflies and hummingbirds, flowers can be dried or fresh cut, in potpourris, and sachets, in containers.
Lemon Balm – Melissa officinalis. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-11. Height: 2-3 feet. Spacing: 12-18” apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: All leaves can be used in potpourris, flavor hot and iced teas, and used as a substitute for lemon peel in cooking. As a mosquito repellent toss a few stems on the grill to get rid of mosquitoes in the area.
Lenten Rose, Christmas Rose, Hellebore - Helleborus spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-9. Height: 14-24 inches. Spacing: 12-22 inches apart. Light: Partial shade to shade. Uses: Beds, cut flowers, companion plants with ferns, hostas, heucheras in mixed bed.
Lungwort - Pulmonaria spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-9. Height: 12-18 inches. Spacing: 12-18 inches apart. Light: Partial shade to shade. Uses: Beds and borders, ground cover, drought tolerant, companion plants with ferns, bleeding hearts, hostas.
Marigolds – Tagetes spp. Mexican Marigold Mint - Tagetes lucida. Type: Perennial. Zones: 8-10. Height: 24-30”. Spacing: 12-18” apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade.
Uses:
Butterfly nectar and larval food plant, Mosquito repellent plant, fresh flowers
are used in salads; leaves are used as a substitute for French tarragon.
Miscanthus Grasses – Miscanthus spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-10. Height: 5-6 feet. Spacing: 3-5 feet apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Shrub, privacy hedge, specimen plant, cut or dried flowers.
Muhly Grasses - Muhlenbergia spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 6-9. Height: 3 feet. Spacing: 3 feet apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Bed and borders, containers.
Mums - Chrysanthemum spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 5-9. Height: 12-36 inches. Spacing: 12-18 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Containers, mass plantings, cut flowers.
Oregano – Origanum spp. Greek Oregano - Origanum vulgare subsp. Hirtum. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-11. Height: 24 inches. Spacing: 12 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Leaves are used in Italian dishes, pizza, shellfish, egg dishes, beef, pork, and poultry dishes. Italian Oregano – Origanum vulgare. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-11. Height: 24 inches. Spacing: 8 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Leaves are used in Italian dishes, pizza, shellfish, egg dishes, beef, pork, and poultry dishes. Sweet Marjoram - Origanum majorana. Type: Perennial. Zones: 9-11, treated as an annual outside zone 9. Height: 12 to 18 inches. Spacing: 9 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Leaves are used in eggs, meats, rice, pastas, soups, vegetables.
Peony – Paeonia spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-7. Height: 12-36 inches, depending on variety. Spacing: 18-36 inches apart. Light: Partial shade to shade. Uses: Back of the border bed, cut flowers.
Petunia – Petunia X hybrid 'Purple Wave'. Type: Annual. Zones: All except very cold areas. Height: 4 – 6”. Spacing: For a thick coverage, 12 – 15” apart, 3’
apart
for regular coverage, plants will spread 3 – 5’. Light: Full sun. Uses:
Butterfly attractant, heat and drought tolerant, border, edger, or in hanging
baskets.
Phlox – Phlox spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-9. Height: 2-36 inches, depending on variety. Spacing: 12-18 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: bed and borders, ground cover, attracts butterflies and hummingbirds.
Poppies – Papaver spp. Type: Annual. Zones: 2-11. Height: 1-4 feet. Spacing: 6-
12 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Beds and borders,
containers.
Prostrate Rosemary - Salvia rosmarinus 'Prostratus’. Type: Perennial shrub or groundcover. Height: 12-18”. Spacing: 2 feet
apart. Light Requirements: Full sun to partial
shade. Additional Uses: The leaves are used in lamb and fish dishes, butterfly
nectar plant, mosquito repellent plant, and drought tolerant plant.
Rosemary – Salvia rosmarinus. Type: Perennial shrub. Zones: 8-11. Height: 4 feet. Spacing: 3-5 feet apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: The leaves
are used in lamb and fish dishes, drought
tolerant plant, and butterfly nectar plant.
Russian Sage - Perovskia atriplicifolia. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-9. Height: 3-5 feet. Spacing: 24-36
inches apart. Light: Full sun.
Uses: Containers, bed and borders, cut flowers, butterfly attractant.
Salvia and Sages - Salvia spp. Autumn Sage - Salvia greggii 'Maraschino'. Type: Perennial. Zones: 7-10. Height: 3’ – 4’. Spacing: 18” – 24” apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Butterfly and hummingbird attractant, accent, cut flower, herb and perennial garden.
Mexican
Sage - Salvia leucantha. Type:
Perennial. Zones: 8-10. Height: 2 – 4’. Spacing: 3 – 5’ apart. Light: Full sun.
Uses: Butterfly attractant, and drought tolerant. Pineapple Sage – Salvia
elegans. Type: Perennial.
Zones: 8-11. Height: 3 - 4 feet.
Spacing: 3 – 4 feet apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Blooms red flowers
in spring, summer, and fall. The leaves when crushed smell and taste like fresh
pineapple. Uses: The fresh leaves can be used in drinks and salads. The leaves
can be used in hot or cold drinks, and the flowers and leaves are used chopped
in salads. Attracts butterflies and hummingbirds to the garden. Sage - Salvia officinalis. Type:
Perennial. Zones: 5-10. Height: 3 feet. Spacing: 12-24 inches apart. Light:
Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Leaves are used in stuffing, meat dishes, egg
dishes, salads, soups, stews, and vegetables, accent in borders.
Sedge - Carex spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-9. Height: 6-36 inches, depending on variety. Spacing: 12-36 inches apart, depending on variety. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Beds and borders, containers.
Siberian Iris - Iris sibirica. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-9. Height: 12-36 inches.
Spacing: 12-18 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Ponds, streams, or
boggy areas, cut flowers.
Snapdragons - Antirrhinum majus. Type: Annual.
Zones:
All. Height: 6-36 inches depending on variety. Spacing: 8-12 inches apart.
Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Cut flowers, beds and borders.
Solomon’s Seal – Polygonatum spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-9. Height: 24-48 inches. Spacing: 18-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Shady gardens.
Spider Flower - Cleome hassleriana. Type: Annual. Zones: 2-11. Height: 3-6 feet. Spacing: 12-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Beds, borders, large containers, attracts butterflies, hummingbirds, and birds to the garden.
Spirea* - Spiraea spp. Type: Deciduous shrub. Zones: 4-9. Height: 12-36 inches. Spacing: 3-5 feet apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Foundation planting, attracts butterflies, hummingbirds, and birds.
St. John’s Wort - Hypericum spp. Type: Ground cover. Zones: 5-11. Height: 12-24 inches. Spacing: 24-36 inches apart. Light: Partial shade. Uses: Ground cover, mass plantings, edgers, borders.
Swamp Sunflower, Narrow-Leaf Sunflower - Helianthus angustifolius. Type: Perennial. Zones: 6-9. Height: To 6 feet. Spacing: 18-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Wildflower gardens, attracts native butterflies, mixed perennial beds.
Tansy - Tanacetum vulgare. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-9. Height: 3-4 feet. Spacing:
12-18” apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Nectar food
plant for butterflies, dried flower.
Thyme – Thymus spp. Lemon Thyme – Thymus x citriodorus. Type: Perennial. Height: 12 inches. Spacing: 12 inches apart. Light Requirements: Full sun. Light purple flowers in summer. Wonderful Lemon scent when leaves are crushed or walked upon. Uses: All leaves have a distinct lemon flavor that can be used in cooking, attracts Butterflies and Hummingbirds to the garden.
Summer Thyme – Thymus vulgaris. Type: Perennial. Height: 6 – 12 inches. Spacing: 6 – 12 inches apart.
Light
Requirements: Full sun to partial shade. Blooms lilac to purple flowers in
summer. Uses: All leaves are used in cooking. Attracts butterflies to the
garden. All thyme plants can be used as an alternative ground cover.
Tickseed - Coreopsis spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-10. Height: From 6 to 36 inches
depending on variety. Spacing: 9-14 inches apart. Light: Full
sun. Uses: Dwarf variety can be used as borders or ground covers, beds and
borders, attracts butterflies, cut flower.
Verbena – Glandularia canadensis ‘Homestead’ – Homestead Purple Verbena. Type: Perennial. Zones: 5-10. Height: 12 inches. Spacing: 3-4 feet apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Ground cover for hills, slopes, retaining walls, rock gardens, attracts butterflies.
Veronica, Speedwell – Veronica spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-9. Height: 4-12 inches. Spacing: 8-12 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Ground cover, borders, attracts butterflies and hummingbirds, drought tolerant.
Vinca, Periwinkle - Catharanthus roseus. Type: Perennial/annual. Zones: 9-11, perennial, outside zone 9 treated as annual. Height: 24 inches. Spacing: 10-12
inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Containers, bed, borders, butterfly
attractant.
Whirling Butterflies - Gaura lindheimeri. Type: Perennial. Zones: 5-10. Height: 36 inches. Spacing: 18-20 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Containers, beds and borders, attracts butterflies, drought tolerant.
Wormwood – Artemisia spp. Roman Wormwood -
Artemisia pontica. Type:
Perennial. Zones: 4-10. Height: 18-24 inches. Spacing: 12 inches apart. Light:
Full sun. Uses: Nectar and larval food plant for butterflies, drought tolerant
plant, floral arranging, bed and borders.
Wormwood - Artemisia absinthium. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-9. Height: 2-3 feet. Spacing: 18-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Nectar and larval food plant for butterflies, drought tolerant plant. Wormwood - Artemisia 'Powis Castle'. Type: Perennial. Zones: 9-11. Height: 2-3 feet. Spacing: 3 feet apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Nectar and larval food plant for butterflies, drought tolerant plant, foliage used in fresh or dried arrangements.
Yarrow – Achillea millefolium, A. filipendulina. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-9. Height:
15-36 inches. Spacing: 12-15 inches apart.
Light: Full sun. Uses: Cut or dried flowers, butterfly attractant, bed,
borders.
Zinnias* - Zinnia spp. Type: Annual. Zones: All. Height: 12-18 inches. Spacing: 12-18 inches apart.
Light: Full sun. Uses: Beds, borders, cut
flower, containers, butterfly attractant.
Photography and digital images are ©Cheryl Ann Meola 2013. All Rights Reserved. All photographs and digital images displayed in this article are for viewing purposes only and cannot be duplicated. ©Cheryl Ann Meola 2013. Texas Certified Nursery Professional #1282.
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| Balloon Flower - Platycodon grandiflorus |
Basil – Ocimum basilicum. Type: Annual. Zones: 2-11. Height: 1-2 feet. Spacing: 12-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Leaves are used in cooking,
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Basil - Ocimum basilicum
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Bear’s Breeches - Acanthus spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 6-11. Height: 3-4 feet. Spacing: 2-4 feet apart. Light: Partial shade to shade. Uses: Specimen plant, cut flowers, dramatic foliage.
Beardtongue – Penstemon spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-10. Height: 12-36 inches. Spacing: 18-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Mixed perennial garden, attracts butterflies and hummingbirds.
Bee Balm – Monarda didyma. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-9. Height: 2-4 feet, but can reach to 6 feet. Spacing: 18-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Attract butterflies and hummingbirds.
Bee Balms - Monardia spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-9. Height: 1-4 feet, but can reach to 6 feet. Spacing: 18-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Attract butterflies and hummingbirds, containers, beds and borders, cut flowers.
Big-leaf Periwinkle - Vinca major. Type: Ground cover. Zones: 5-9. Height: 12-18 inches. Spacing: 18 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Excellent ground cover for retaining walls or hillsides.
Black-eyed Susan – Rudbeckia spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-10. Height: 18-30
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| Rudbeckia fulgida - Black-Eyed Susan |
Blanket Flower - Gaillardia spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 5-10. Height: 18-24 inches. Spacing: 18 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Borders, containers, cut flowers, attracts butterflies.
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| Blanket Flower - Gaillardia X grandiflora |
Bleeding Heart – Dicentra spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-9. Height: 24-36 inches. Spacing: 18-24 inches apart. Light: Partial shade to shade. Uses: Borders, containers, cut flowers.
Blue Mist Shrub, Bluebeard - Caryopteris spp. Type: Deciduous shrub. Zones: 5-9. Height: 24-36 inches. Spacing: 18-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Attracts butterflies, borders, fragrant flowers.
Butterfly Bush - Buddleia davidii. Type: Deciduous shrub. Zones: 5-10. Height: From 3-6 feet depending on variety. Spacing: 3-5 feet apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Attracts
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| Buddleia davidii - Butterfly Bush |
Butterfly Weed, Milkweed - Asclepias spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 5-11. Height: 24-36 inches. Spacing: 12-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Nectar and food plant for the Monarch butterfly, cut flowers, borders, wildflower gardens, containers.
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| Butterfly Weed - Asclepias tuberosa |
Canna Lily – Canna X generalis. Type: Perennial. Zones: 7-11. Height: 4-6 feet.
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| Canna X generalis - Garden Canna |
Catmint – Nepeta X faassenii. Type: Perennial. Zones: 5-10. Height: 2-3 feet.
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| Catmint - Nepeta faassenii |
Catmints/Catnips - Nepeta spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 5-10. Height: 12-36 inches. Spacing: 12-18
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| Catnip - Nepeta cataria |
Clematis – Clematis spp. Type: Perennial vine. Zones: 4-9. Height: 6-10 feet. Spacing: 3-5 feet apart. Light: Full sun and keep the roots in the shade. Uses: Trellises, arbors, mailboxes.
Columbine – Aquilegia spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-9. Height: 12-36 inches. Spacing: 12-18 inches apart.
 |
| Columbine - Aquilegia cv. Cardinal |
Common Periwinkle, Dwarf Periwinkle - Vinca minor. Type: Evergreen ground cover. Zones: 4-9. Height: 4-6 inches. Spacing: 8-12 inches apart. Light: Full sun to
 |
| Dwarf Periwinkle - Vinca minor |
Coneflower – Echinacea spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 2-10. Height: 24-36 inches. Spacing: 15-20 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Borders,
 |
| Echinacea purpurea - Purple Coneflower |
Coppertip, Falling Stars - Crocosmia spp. Type: Perennial bulb. Zones: 6-10. Height: 2-3 feet. Spacing: 12-18 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Cut flowers, borders, attracts hummingbirds.
Coralbells – Heuchera spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-9. Height: up to 36 inches. Spacing: 12-18 inches apart. Light: Full sun to shade. Uses: Attracts butterflies and hummingbirds, containers, borders, drought and heat tolerant.
Daffodils – Narcissus spp. Type: Perennial bulb. Zones: 4-9. Height: 4-24 inches.
 |
| Narcissus sp. - Daffodil |
Dahlias – Dahlia spp. Type: Perennial
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Dahlia - Dahlia hortensis
|
Daylily – Hemerocallis spp. Type: Deciduous perennial.
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| Day Lily - Hemerocallis cv. Stella de Oro |
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| Dianthus cv. Floral Lace Violet - Pinks |
 |
Dianthus X allwoodii cv. Old Spice -
Old Spice Dianthus
|
Dill - Anethum graveolens. Type: Annual. Zones: All. Height: 18 – 36 inches. Space: 12 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Yellow blossoms in summer, seed heads can be harvested. The seeds can be crushed and used in cooking. The leaves can be used fresh in potato, tuna, and chicken salads; fresh chicken and fish dishes. Uses: Attracts butterflies and a larval food plant for butterflies. (Plant enough for you and the butterflies!).
Eucalyptus - Eucalyptus spp. Cadaga Tree - Eucalyptus torelliana. Type: Tree. Zones: 9-11. Height: To 80 feet. Spacing: 20-30 feet apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Attracts wildlife to the garden. Mindanao Gum Tree - Eucalyptus deglupta. Type: Tree. Zones: 9-11, has been reported to withstand temperatures in the low 20’s. Height: To 225 feet. Spacing: 30 feet apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Attracts wildlife to the garden. Red-Flowering Gum Tree - Eucalyptus ficifolia.
 |
| Eucalyptus ficifolia - Red-Flowering Gum |
Evening Primrose – Oenothera spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-9. Height: To 4 feet, depending on species. Spacing: 12-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Ground cover, flowers open in the evening.
False Indigo, Wild Indigo, Baptisia - Baptisia spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-9. Height: To 5 feet, depending on species. Spacing: 12-36 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Borders, cut flower, dried flower, drought tolerant, attracts butterflies.
False Spirea – Astilbe spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-9. Height: 18-24 inches. Spacing: 12-18 inches apart. Light: Partial shade to shade. Uses: Edger, foreground plant, cut flower, dried flower, attracts butterflies and hummingbirds.
Floss Flower, Ageratum* - Ageratum houstonianum. Type: Annual. Zones: All except very cold areas. Height: 6-12 inches. Spacing: 6-8 inches apart. Light: Full sun to
 |
| Floss Flower - Ageratum houstonianum |
Flowering Onions - Allium spp. Type: Perennial bulb. Zones: 3-9. Height: 1-4 feet, depending on variety. Spacing: 2-5 inches apart, depending on variety.
 |
| Allium schoenoprasum - Chives |
Fountain Grasses – Pennisetum spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 6-11. Height: 1-5 feet, depending on variety. Spacing: 2-4 feet apart. Light: Full sun to partial
 |
| Fountain Grass - Pennisetum setaceum |
Foxglove – Digitalis spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-8. Height: 36-48 inches. Spacing: 12-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Flowering perennial in back of the landscape bed.
 |
| Yellow Foxglove - Digitalis grandiflora |
Fritillaria – Fritillaria spp. Type: Bulb. Zones: 3-9. Height: 8-40 inches, depending on variety. Spacing: 10-12 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Mid spring bloomer for perennial gardens.
Geranium or Scented Geranium – Pelargonium spp. Type: Annual, perennial in zone 9 and 10. Zones: All. Height: 24-36 inches. Spacing: 12-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Teas, sachets, jellies, potpourris, vinegars, and desserts.
Heartleaf Brunnera – Brunnera macrophylla. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-8. Height: 12-18 inches. Spacing: 12-18 inches apart. Light: Partial shade to shade. Uses: Beds, borders, ground cover, containers.
Holly Fern, Shield Fern, Sword Fern – Polystichum spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-10. Height: 12-36 inches, depending on variety. Spacing: 9-12 inches apart. Light: Partial shade to shade. Uses: Borders, erosion control, slopes.
Iris* - Iris spp. Type: Perennial bulb or rhizome, depending on variety. Zones: 3-9. Height: 18-48 inches, depending on variety. Spacing: 8-10 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Perennial beds and borders, cut flowers.
Joe Pye Weed – Eupatorium spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-10. Height: 4-6 feet. Spacing: 2-4 feet apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Containers, privacy, beds and borders, butterfly attractant, drought tolerant.
Lamb’s Ear - Stachys byzantine. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-9. Height: 12-18 inches. Spacing: 10-18 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Borders, edger, containers, drought
 |
Lamb's Ear - Stachys byzantina
cv. Silver Carpet
|
Lantana – Lantana camara, L. montevidensis. Lantana - Lantana camara 'Miss Huff'. Type: Perennial. Zones: 7-11. Height: 4 – 5’. Spacing: 3 – 5’ apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Butterfly attractant, heat and drought tolerant. Trailing Lantana - Lantana montevidensis. Type: Perennial. Zones: 8-10. Height: 18 – 24”. Spacing: 3 – 4’ apart, can spread to 5’. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Butterfly attractant, heat and drought tolerant.
 |
| Lantana - Lantana camara cv. Miss Huff |
Larkspur – Consolida spp. (A), Delphinium spp. (P). Type: Annual or perennial. Zones: All. Height: 12-36 inches. Spacing: 10-12 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Wild flower gardens, bed and borders, fresh cut flowers, dried flowers.
 |
Chinese Delphinium - Delphinium grandiflorum
cv. Dwarf Blue Butterfly
|
Lavender – Lavandula spp. Lavandula angustifolia. Type: Perennial. Zones: 5-10. Height: 18-24”. Spacing: 12-18” apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Nectar plant for butterflies and hummingbirds, flowers can be dried or fresh cut, in potpourris, and sachets, in containers.
Lemon Balm – Melissa officinalis. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-11. Height: 2-3 feet. Spacing: 12-18” apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: All leaves can be used in potpourris, flavor hot and iced teas, and used as a substitute for lemon peel in cooking. As a mosquito repellent toss a few stems on the grill to get rid of mosquitoes in the area.
Lenten Rose, Christmas Rose, Hellebore - Helleborus spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-9. Height: 14-24 inches. Spacing: 12-22 inches apart. Light: Partial shade to shade. Uses: Beds, cut flowers, companion plants with ferns, hostas, heucheras in mixed bed.
Lungwort - Pulmonaria spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-9. Height: 12-18 inches. Spacing: 12-18 inches apart. Light: Partial shade to shade. Uses: Beds and borders, ground cover, drought tolerant, companion plants with ferns, bleeding hearts, hostas.
Marigolds – Tagetes spp. Mexican Marigold Mint - Tagetes lucida. Type: Perennial. Zones: 8-10. Height: 24-30”. Spacing: 12-18” apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade.
 |
Mexican Marigold Mint -
Tagetes lucida
|
Mints
– Mentha spp. Pennyroyal – Mentha pulegium. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-10. Height: 6
– 12 inches. Spacing: 12 – 24 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade.
Purple flowers in late summer through fall. Uses: A groundcover, nectar plant
for butterflies, the leaves are used in the flavoring for fish dishes, and
grows well in a hanging basket.
Peppermint - Mentha piperita. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-10. Height:
24-36”. Spacing: 12-18” apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Leaves
are used fresh in hot and iced teas, butterfly nectar and larval food plant. Spearmint – Mentha spicata. Type:
Perennial. Zones: 3-10. Height: 24-36”. Spacing: 36-48 inches apart. Light:
Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Leaves are used fresh in hot and iced teas,
Butterfly Nectar and Larval Food Plant.
Miscanthus Grasses – Miscanthus spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-10. Height: 5-6 feet. Spacing: 3-5 feet apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Shrub, privacy hedge, specimen plant, cut or dried flowers.
Muhly Grasses - Muhlenbergia spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 6-9. Height: 3 feet. Spacing: 3 feet apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Bed and borders, containers.
Mums - Chrysanthemum spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 5-9. Height: 12-36 inches. Spacing: 12-18 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Containers, mass plantings, cut flowers.
Oregano – Origanum spp. Greek Oregano - Origanum vulgare subsp. Hirtum. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-11. Height: 24 inches. Spacing: 12 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Leaves are used in Italian dishes, pizza, shellfish, egg dishes, beef, pork, and poultry dishes. Italian Oregano – Origanum vulgare. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-11. Height: 24 inches. Spacing: 8 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Leaves are used in Italian dishes, pizza, shellfish, egg dishes, beef, pork, and poultry dishes. Sweet Marjoram - Origanum majorana. Type: Perennial. Zones: 9-11, treated as an annual outside zone 9. Height: 12 to 18 inches. Spacing: 9 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Leaves are used in eggs, meats, rice, pastas, soups, vegetables.
Peony – Paeonia spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-7. Height: 12-36 inches, depending on variety. Spacing: 18-36 inches apart. Light: Partial shade to shade. Uses: Back of the border bed, cut flowers.
 |
| Paeonia sp. - Peony |
Petunia – Petunia X hybrid 'Purple Wave'. Type: Annual. Zones: All except very cold areas. Height: 4 – 6”. Spacing: For a thick coverage, 12 – 15” apart, 3’
 |
| Petunia - Petunia cv. Purple Wave |
Phlox – Phlox spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-9. Height: 2-36 inches, depending on variety. Spacing: 12-18 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: bed and borders, ground cover, attracts butterflies and hummingbirds.
 |
| Phlox sp. - Creeping Phlox |
Poppies – Papaver spp. Type: Annual. Zones: 2-11. Height: 1-4 feet. Spacing: 6-
 |
| Field Poppy - Papaver rhoeas |
Prostrate Rosemary - Salvia rosmarinus 'Prostratus’. Type: Perennial shrub or groundcover. Height: 12-18”. Spacing: 2 feet
 |
| Prostrate Rosemary - Salvia rosmarinus cv. Prostratus |
Rosemary – Salvia rosmarinus. Type: Perennial shrub. Zones: 8-11. Height: 4 feet. Spacing: 3-5 feet apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: The leaves
 |
| Rosemary - Salvia rosmarinus |
Russian Sage - Perovskia atriplicifolia. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-9. Height: 3-5 feet. Spacing: 24-36
 |
| Russian Sage - Perovskia atriplicifolia |
Salvia and Sages - Salvia spp. Autumn Sage - Salvia greggii 'Maraschino'. Type: Perennial. Zones: 7-10. Height: 3’ – 4’. Spacing: 18” – 24” apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Butterfly and hummingbird attractant, accent, cut flower, herb and perennial garden.
 |
| Salvia greggii - Autumn Sage |
Sedge - Carex spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-9. Height: 6-36 inches, depending on variety. Spacing: 12-36 inches apart, depending on variety. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Beds and borders, containers.
Siberian Iris - Iris sibirica. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-9. Height: 12-36 inches.
 |
| Siberian Iris - Iris sibirica |
Snapdragons - Antirrhinum majus. Type: Annual.
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| Snapdragon - Antirrhinum majus |
Solomon’s Seal – Polygonatum spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-9. Height: 24-48 inches. Spacing: 18-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Shady gardens.
Spider Flower - Cleome hassleriana. Type: Annual. Zones: 2-11. Height: 3-6 feet. Spacing: 12-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Beds, borders, large containers, attracts butterflies, hummingbirds, and birds to the garden.
Spirea* - Spiraea spp. Type: Deciduous shrub. Zones: 4-9. Height: 12-36 inches. Spacing: 3-5 feet apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Foundation planting, attracts butterflies, hummingbirds, and birds.
St. John’s Wort - Hypericum spp. Type: Ground cover. Zones: 5-11. Height: 12-24 inches. Spacing: 24-36 inches apart. Light: Partial shade. Uses: Ground cover, mass plantings, edgers, borders.
Swamp Sunflower, Narrow-Leaf Sunflower - Helianthus angustifolius. Type: Perennial. Zones: 6-9. Height: To 6 feet. Spacing: 18-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Wildflower gardens, attracts native butterflies, mixed perennial beds.
Tansy - Tanacetum vulgare. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-9. Height: 3-4 feet. Spacing:
 |
| Tansy - Tanacetum vulgare |
Thyme – Thymus spp. Lemon Thyme – Thymus x citriodorus. Type: Perennial. Height: 12 inches. Spacing: 12 inches apart. Light Requirements: Full sun. Light purple flowers in summer. Wonderful Lemon scent when leaves are crushed or walked upon. Uses: All leaves have a distinct lemon flavor that can be used in cooking, attracts Butterflies and Hummingbirds to the garden.
Summer Thyme – Thymus vulgaris. Type: Perennial. Height: 6 – 12 inches. Spacing: 6 – 12 inches apart.
 |
| Silver Thyme - Thymus vulgaris cv. Argenteus |
Tickseed - Coreopsis spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-10. Height: From 6 to 36 inches
 |
| Coreopsis - Coreopsis grandiflora |
Verbena – Glandularia canadensis ‘Homestead’ – Homestead Purple Verbena. Type: Perennial. Zones: 5-10. Height: 12 inches. Spacing: 3-4 feet apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Ground cover for hills, slopes, retaining walls, rock gardens, attracts butterflies.
 |
| Homestead Purple Verbena |
Veronica, Speedwell – Veronica spp. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-9. Height: 4-12 inches. Spacing: 8-12 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Ground cover, borders, attracts butterflies and hummingbirds, drought tolerant.
Vinca, Periwinkle - Catharanthus roseus. Type: Perennial/annual. Zones: 9-11, perennial, outside zone 9 treated as annual. Height: 24 inches. Spacing: 10-12
 |
| Periwinkle - Catharanthus roseus |
Whirling Butterflies - Gaura lindheimeri. Type: Perennial. Zones: 5-10. Height: 36 inches. Spacing: 18-20 inches apart. Light: Full sun. Uses: Containers, beds and borders, attracts butterflies, drought tolerant.
Wormwood – Artemisia spp. Roman Wormwood -
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| Wormwood - Artemisia pontica |
 |
| Wormwood - Artemisia pontica |
Wormwood - Artemisia absinthium. Type: Perennial. Zones: 4-9. Height: 2-3 feet. Spacing: 18-24 inches apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Nectar and larval food plant for butterflies, drought tolerant plant. Wormwood - Artemisia 'Powis Castle'. Type: Perennial. Zones: 9-11. Height: 2-3 feet. Spacing: 3 feet apart. Light: Full sun to partial shade. Uses: Nectar and larval food plant for butterflies, drought tolerant plant, foliage used in fresh or dried arrangements.
Yarrow – Achillea millefolium, A. filipendulina. Type: Perennial. Zones: 3-9. Height:
 |
| Common Yarrow - Achillea millefolium |
Zinnias* - Zinnia spp. Type: Annual. Zones: All. Height: 12-18 inches. Spacing: 12-18 inches apart.
 |
| Zinnia elegans - Zinnia |
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Photography and digital images are ©Cheryl Ann Meola 2013. All Rights Reserved. All photographs and digital images displayed in this article are for viewing purposes only and cannot be duplicated. ©Cheryl Ann Meola 2013. Texas Certified Nursery Professional #1282.
